A Giant Leap
A Giant Leap is a collaborative initative run by the Amicitia social enterprise from Athenry and commissioned by Science Gallery Dublin to co-create exhibition pieces with communities and speculate on future worlds through the material of plastic.
This formed part of PLASTIC, a national touring exhibition and Science Gallery Dublin’s first adventure outside of Dublin. Our brief covers two locations with artistic works in Highlanes Gallery in Drogheda and the new gardens of the Hunt Museum in Limerick. This project touches on two important elements which supports our work as development education practitioners.
Firstly, by co-designing our exhibition pieces we are actively involving participants in the creative process and bringing complex questions about sustainability forward in a playful and interactive way. Secondly, the process of visioning encourages us to think about the sustainable, long-term futures we want to transition towards. By collectively engaging in this process we can step out of the muddy problems of the present. The contradictions of modern society tend to overwhelm and distort our thinking. Futures-thinking through scenario development and prototyping allows us to envisage new worlds and anticipate the possible outcomes of the current changes we are undergoing – both positive and negative, nurturing and destructive.
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Challenge
A Giant Leap is a collaborative initiative run by the Amicitia social enterprise from Athenry and commissioned by Science Gallery Dublin to co-create exhibition pieces with communities and speculate on future worlds through the material of plastic. This formed part of PLASTIC, a national touring exhibition and Science Gallery Dublin’s first adventure outside of Dublin. Our brief covers two locations with artistic works in Highlanes Gallery in Drogheda and the new gardens of the Hunt Museum in Limerick. This project touches on two important elements which supports our work as development education practitioners. Firstly, by co-designing our exhibition pieces we are actively involving participants in the creative process and bringing complex questions about sustainability forward in a playful and interactive way. Secondly, the process of visioning encourages us to think about the sustainable, long-term futures we want to transition towards. By collectively engaging in this process we can step out of the muddy problems of the present. The contradictions of modern society tend to overwhelm and distort our thinking. Futures-thinking through scenario development and prototyping allows us to envisage new worlds and anticipate the possible outcomes of the current changes we are undergoing – both positive and negative, nurturing and destructive.
Target group
A Giant Leap is a collective effort involving institutions, communities, artists and educators. First commissioned by Science Gallery Dublin from Trinity College the programme covers two urban locations, Drogheda and Limerick. In these areas they work with local community members through a process of speculative design to co-create future scenarios that are then translated into artistic pieces for the public by a groups of artists with a diverse set of skills. Working in this transdisciplinary way allows us to get to the heart of sustainable development and discuss complex topics in a fun and engaging way. The first output of this project, from Drogheda, was delivered online (due to Covid-19 restrictions) in 2021. The second piece, in Limerick, will be delivered in February 2022 as part of the Belonging Exhibition funded by the European Investment Bank. The project has also been awarded funding through the LEADER programme to expand into schools in East Galway in 2022. Eight schools from the area have agreed to participate with the support of Galway and Roscommon ETB. As they grow the project to more locations they continue to widen our network of collaborators and work together to deliver high quality development education programmes.
Solution
Over consumption of plastics, climate breakdown and biodiversity loss suggest that the coming decades will be turbulent and subject to great upheaval. Speculative design is a design practice that is concerned with future design proposals of a critical nature. Through participatory workshops and experiential learning they give participants the opportunity to stretch their imaginations and develop new and boundary-pushing systems and prototypes from future worlds that they want to navigate towards. This approach helps people to understand that the ‘wicked’ problems in society are always interconnected, interdependent and they manifest in place and culture-specific ways. They recognise that new knowledge and skill-sets will be required to address these problems and it is necessary to provoke conversations related to this now rather than wait any longer. 3 of 5 Through A Giant Leap, they aim to inspire a new audience to interrogate their own everyday relationship with sustainability and the pitfalls of throwaway culture. A Giant Leap is a development education programme embedded within the Amicitia social enterprise project in Athenry, Co. Galway. Through this organisation they deliver a range of place-based projects aimed at revitalising a rural community. These projects include our social hub which is a centre of learning and education and will soon include a community kitchen and cafe. Alongside this they have just launched our Sustainable Energy Community project funded by SEAI and Galway County Council. This highlights the systematic approach they take to sustainable development with an understanding that education is fundamental to the implementation of these projects and as a means to justly transition a rural community to a greener tomorrow. A Giant Leap is also a collaborative effort and co-creation will only be effective if they find new ways of working together that are not overly reliant on ‘experts’ or outside help. Rather they favour an approach to learning that is inclusive, participatory and community-led. They have seen the growth in participants involved with our various projects including disability groups who have new confidence through peer learning in our social hub and participants on A Giant Leap, many of whom worked with artists for the very first time. This fosters agency and an appreciation that everyone has a role to play in the sustainable development of their local community regardless of age or ability. The challenge is to create the space and conversations to allow this to happen in engaging and creative ways.
Innovation
The Covid-19 pandemic caused considerable disruption to our project, as it has done with many organisations but the adaptation process to respond to this has thought us valuable lessons and strengthened the resilience of our network as a whole. They thankfully, had completed the co-creation workshops before lockdowns closed much of society. But they they’re then confronted with the problem of creating our exhibition piece with a distributed team and no access to our venue, the Highlanes Gallery in Drogheda. The output of the co-creation workshops called on us to create an exhibition piece that would not have translated very they’ll in a purely digital form. Rather than let this disrupt the project they sourced an old farm shed where they could continue to work in isolation on the exhibition piece. Over the course of a month, this farm shed, in a small rural village, was transformed into a gallery space of a similar size and space to the one they would have been using in Drogheda. In the materials accompanying this application they have presented before and after images of this space. The transformation of this space highlights the value of taking an asset-led approach to community development. Rather than allowing the project to fail they sought to find positive solutions and came up with an alternative. Along with this they maximised the use to digital technologies including video and audio to create a piece that was a worthwhile reflection on the co-creation process. They also collaborated remotely with artists who assisted us with the creation of various elements of the project. 4 of 5 And these digital technologies have supported us to implement the next phase of A Giant Leap, our schools programme in East Galway. This project is supported through the LEADER programme and would have suffered considerable delays if they they’re not able to coordinate the first phase of the project using video communication with schools interested in taking part. This approached proved to be successful and they managed to get eight schools to sign up for the programme which is now due to take place in 2022 when hopefully restrictions will be lifted and it will be safe to work with students in their own environment. If there are further delays to the process they are confident that they will continue to adapt and learn as they work together to implement impactful solutions.
Impact
This project has been a collaborative effort. The first co-creation phase, involved 15 participants with workshops in Drogheda and Dublin. These workshops informed the creation of the first exhibition piece which was delivered by 8 artists, makers and actors working in collaboration. The next iteration of this project takes place in Limerick and so far they have engaged with 16 participants on this co-creation journey including ethnographic research with the Tidy Towns group in Limerick city. The Limerick exhibition will be delivered in February 2022 with both exhibitions reaching a global audience through the Science Gallery network. The schools programme will commence in 2022 with eight schools already signed up to take part this includes two Youth Reach schools in the area which support a number of members from the travelling community. They expect to work with over 250 students in this programme. They will co-create local interventions that will further raise awareness about sustainable development in their communities. They expect the digital output of this project to also reach a large audience. Our podcast and video materials have already reached an audience of over 1000 people. This will continue to grow in the future as they expand the project.
4 - Quality Education
The COVID-19 outbreak has caused a global education crisis. Most education systems in the world have been severely affected by education disruptions and have faced unprecedented challenges. School closures brought on by the pandemic have had devastating consequences for children’s learning and well-being. It is estimated that 147 million children missed more than half of their in-class instruction over the past two years. This generation of children could lose a combined total of $17 trillion in lifetime earnings in present value. School closures have affected girls, children from disadvantaged backgrounds, those living in rural areas, children with disabilities and children from ethnic minorities more than their peers.
The proportion of young people completing upper secondary school increased from 54 per cent in 2015 to 58 per cent in 2020, with completion slowing down relative to progress in the preceding five-year period. It is too early to predict the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on completion. Early indications from low-income countries based on phone surveys point to a small decline in attendance upon a return to school but a larger increase in repetition, which may increase dropout rates in coming years.
Data from 73 (mostly low- and middle-income) countries for the period of 2013-2021, indicate that about 7 in 10 children 3 and 4 years of age are developmentally on track, with no significant differences by child’s sex.
The participation rate in organized learning one year before the official primary entry age rose steadily in the years before the COVID-19 pandemic, from 69 per cent in 2010 to 75 per cent in 2020 but with considerable variation between countries (with the rate ranging from a figure as low as 13 per cent to nearly 100 per cent). This progress is being threatened by the COVID-19 pandemic, as schoolchildren in early childhood education and the early grades, especially from low- and middle-income countries, are the most affected by education disruption. In most countries, early education facilities and schools were partially or fully closed for more than a full school year.
Based on data for 2016-2018, the participation rate of youth and adults in formal and non-formal education and training in the previous 12 months among countries of sub-Saharan Africa with data is typically about 5 per cent or less compared with a rate of over 40 per cent in Northern American and many European countries.
8 - Decent Work & Economic Growth
In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic unleashed the worst economic crisis in decades, with a severely damaging impact on working time and income. Although the global economy started to rebound in 2021, waves of spreading COVID-19 infections together with rising inflation, major supply chain disruptions, policy uncertainties and unsustainable debt of developing countries caused the global economy to slow down at the end of 2021. The conflict in Ukraine is expected to seriously set back global economic growth in 2022.
Following an increase of about 1.4 per cent in 2019, global real GDP per capita decreased sharply by 4.4 per cent in 2020. Global real GDP per capita is estimated to have rebounded at a growth rate of 4.4 per cent in 2021 and is projected to increase again by 3.0 per cent in 2022 and 2.5 per cent in 2023 based on pre-war estimations. The war in Ukraine is likely to downgrade global growth. The real GDP of least developed countries had increased by 5.0 per cent in 2019 but showed no growth in 2020 because of the disruption caused by the pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented, volatile developments in labour productivity levels. Globally, output per worker grew at an average annual rate of 1.6 per cent between 2015 and 2019. In 2020, the output per worker dropped by 0.6 per cent, the first such decline since 2009. Global labour productivity rebounded sharply in 2021, rising by 3.2 per cent. 86. Prior to the onset of the pandemic, informal employment represented 60.2 per cent of global employment in 2019. COVID-19 pandemic containment measures and mobility restrictions prevented labour reallocation to informal employment. Rather than become unemployed or shift to informal jobs, as in previous crises, laid -off employees and self-employed workers alike left the labour force. A disproportionate impact on informal workers was reflected in a decline in the informal employment rate in some countries at the height of the crisis, which has left informal workers and their families in a highly precarious position, exposed to sudden income losses and heightened risks of falling into poverty.
Equal treatment in employment is part and parcel of decent work. Globally women continue to be paid 19 per cent less than men according to an International Labour Organization (ILO) 2018/2019 study. In 87 per cent of countries with recent data, professionals earn per hour on average more than double what workers in elementary occupations earn.
In 2021, the global unemployment rate declined slightly to 6.2 per cent, which is still well above the pre-pandemic rate of 5.4 per cent. ILO projects that unemployment will remain above its 2019 level until at least 2023. Meanwhile, the level of unemployment underestimates the full employment impact of the crisis since many who left the labour force have not come back nor does it reflect the reduction in working hours for those who remained employed. In 2021, 4.3 per cent of global working hours were lost compared with the fourth quarter of 2019, which is equivalent to a deficit of 125 million full-time jobs (assuming a 48‑hour working week).
The proportion of the world’s youth not in education, employment or training (NEET) is now at its highest level since 2005. The NEET rate had remained unchanged from 2015 to 2019 at 21.8 per cent but increased to 23.3 per cent in 2020, representing an addition of almost 20 million youth. Although youth represented only 13 per cent of total employment before the crisis, they made up 34.2 per cent of the 2020 decline in employment. Meanwhile, both technical and vocational education and on-the-job training suffered massive disruption, forcing many young people to quit their studies.
Latest estimates indicate that the number of children in child labour rose to 160 million (63 million girls and 97 million boys) worldwide at the beginning of 2020, representing an increase of 8.4 million children in the last four years and translating into almost 1 in 10 of all children in child labour worldwide.
Global GDP from tourism nearly halved between 2019 and 2020 and the sector faced its worst crisis in recent history, with businesses, employment and livelihoods around the world severely impacted. After a marked positive trend over the past decade and reaching $3.4 trillion in 2019 or 4 per cent of global GDP, the economic contribution of tourism plummeted to $1.8 trillion or 2.3 per cent of world GDP in 2020.
11 - Sustainable Cities & Communities
As epicentres of the COVID-19 crisis, many cities have suffered from insufficiencies in public health systems, inadequate basic services, a lack of well-developed and integrated public transport systems and inadequate open public spaces, as well as from the economic consequences of lockdowns. As a result, the pandemic is likely to further increase the number of slum dwellers. In order to improve the lives of over 1 billion slum dwellers, there is an urgent need to focus on policies for improving health, affordable housing, basic services, sustainable mobility and connectivity.
Over the years, the number of slum dwellers has continued to grow and that number was over 1 billion in 2020. Slum dwellers are most prevalent in three regions, which are home to about 85 per cent of the world’s slum residents: Central and Southern Asia (359 million), Eastern and South-Eastern Asia (306 million) and sub-Saharan Africa (230 million).
Data for 2020 from 1,510 cities around the world indicate that on average only about 37 per cent of their urban areas are served by public transport, measured as a walking distance of 500 m to low-capacity transport systems (such as buses and trams) and/or 1,000 m to high-capacity systems (such as trains and ferries). Given variations in population concentrations within those cities, this translates into only about 52 per cent of the world population having convenient access to public transport.
In 2022, the global average municipal solid waste collection rate in cities is at 82 per cent and the global average rate of municipal solid waste management in controlled facilities in cities is at 55 per cent. The municipal solid waste collection rates in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania are less than 60 per cent. Uncollected waste is the source of plastic pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and incubation for infections.
Data for 2020 from 1,072 cities point to a poor distribution of open public spaces in most regions. In these cities, only about 38 per cent of urban areas are loca ted within a walking distance of 400 m to an open public space, which translates into only about 45 per cent of the global urban population having convenient access to those spaces.
By March 2021, a total of 156 countries had developed national urban policies, with almost half (74) already in the implementation stage. A further breakdown shows that 40 per cent of the countries are in the early stages of developing their plans, while 12 per cent are monitoring and evaluating how well those plans are functioning.
By the end of 2021, a total of 98 countries had reported having local governments with disaster risk reduction strategies, an increase from 51 countries in 2015.